Critical thinking is the process of actively conceptualizing, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness. Critical thinking - in being responsive to variable subject matter, issues, and purposes - is incorporated in a family of interwoven modes of thinking, among them scientific thinking and economic thinking.

Member, American Economic Association
Member, National Tax Association
Member, American Society for Public Administration
Member, Association for Budgeting and Financial Management
Member, Phi Beta Kappa